Application of Municipal Sewage Biosolids to Cropland

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• Introduction
  • Biosolids Terminology …3
  • Legislative Controls and Key Players …4
  • Risk Management and the Multi-Barrier Approach …6
• Benefits and Concerns
  • Benefits of Land-Applying Sewage Biosolids …7
  • Environmental Concerns and How They’re Managed …10
  • Responding to Local Concerns …17
• Wastewater and Biosolids Treatment
  • Wastewater Treatment …19
  • Biosolids Treatment …21
• Options for Biosolids
  • Landfill Disposal …24
  • Incineration or Energy from Waste (EfW) …25
  • Further Processing …26
  • Agricultural Land Application …27
• Biosolids Characteristics Affecting Land Application
  • Types and Properties …29
  • Nutrients in Biosolids …32
  • Chemical Properties of Biosolids …38
  • Pathogen Reduction …42
• BMPs for Sewage Biosolids
  •  Storage …45
  •  Hauling and Handling …47
  •  Contingency Planning …49
  •  Application Site Criteria …49
  •  Application Methods and Equipment …54
• Nutrient Management Planning for Sewage Biosolids
  • 10 Steps To Making It Work …57
  • Step 1 – Set Goals …60
  • Step 2 – Take Inventory …61
  • Step 3 – Input and Analyze Data …67
  • Step 4 – Develop Options …75
  • Step 5 – Make Decisions …80
  • Step 6 – Take Action …84
  • Step 7 – Keep Records …90
  • Step 8 – Monitor …91
  • Step 9 – Make Adjustments to Your NASM Plan …92
  • Step 10 – Plan for the Unexpected …93
• Legislative Requirements
  • Regulatory Framework …95
  • Stakeholders’ Roles and Responsibilities …97
• Case Study
• Glossary