Benefits and Concerns

Cover for: Benefits and Concerns
In publication: Application of Municipal Sewage Biosolids to Cropland
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  • Introduction
    • Biosolids Terminology …3
    • Legislative Controls and Key Players …4
    • Risk Management and the Multi-Barrier Approach …6
  • Benefits and Concerns
    • Benefits of Land-Applying Sewage Biosolids …7
    • Environmental Concerns and How They’re Managed …10
    • Responding to Local Concerns …17
  • Wastewater and Biosolids Treatment
    • Wastewater Treatment …19
    • Biosolids Treatment …21
  • Options for Biosolids
    • Landfill Disposal …24
    • Incineration or Energy from Waste (EfW) …25
    • Further Processing …26
    • Agricultural Land Application …27
  • Biosolids Characteristics Affecting Land Application
    • Types and Properties …29
    • Nutrients in Biosolids …32
    • Chemical Properties of Biosolids …38
    • Pathogen Reduction …42
  • BMPs for Sewage Biosolids
    •  Storage …45
    •  Hauling and Handling …47
    •  Contingency Planning …49
    •  Application Site Criteria …49
    •  Application Methods and Equipment …54
  • Nutrient Management Planning for Sewage Biosolids
    • 10 Steps To Making It Work …57
    • Step 1 – Set Goals …60
    • Step 2 – Take Inventory …61
    • Step 3 – Input and Analyze Data …67
    • Step 4 – Develop Options …75
    • Step 5 – Make Decisions …80
    • Step 6 – Take Action …84
    • Step 7 – Keep Records …90
    • Step 8 – Monitor …91
    • Step 9 – Make Adjustments to Your NASM Plan …92
    • Step 10 – Plan for the Unexpected …93
  • Legislative Requirements
    • Regulatory Framework …95
    • Stakeholders’ Roles and Responsibilities …97
  • Case Study
  • Glossary